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Korea JoongAng Daily | 김명자 서울국제포럼 회장, 한국과총 명예회장, 前 환경부 장관
입력 2021.06.21
Mankind battled with diseases throughout the age. Smallpox was one of the earliest and longest infectious disease that claimed many lives. The disease arrived in the New World with European explorers, killing 70 to 90 percent of the local population. The deadly rash accompanied by a high fever killed 300 to 500 million people in the 20th century. Ironically, the first type of vaccine was made from a less harmful pox virus. English scientist Edward Jenner got the idea upon observing that milkmaids were generally immune to smallpox. The term vaccine derives from variolae vaccinae (smallpox of the cow). He pioneered the concept of vaccine in his 1798 publication of “Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of the Variolae vaccinae” to argue on the protective effect of cowpox against smallpox. After lengthy deliberation and exploration on side effects and resistance to inoculation, in 1980, smallpox became the first infectious disease to get eradicated, according to the World Health Organization.
The most fatal pandemic record in human history was the pestilence, known as the Plague or Black Death. Fleas living on black rats travelled on slave ships from Asia to reach Europe in 1346, and in the peak in 1346-1353 killed 200 million out of the 500 million people in Europe and Asia. Although curable with timely use of antibiotics, at least 20,000 cases are still found annually. Although there is a plague vaccine, cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Agency in 1940, production ceased in 1999 due to severe side effects and little efficacy on the deadly pneumonic plague.
The Spanish flu that spread in 1918 cost the most lives in the shortest time. After it developed into a pandemic through World War I, as many as 500 million of the world population of 1.8 billion to 1.9 billion were infected, of which 50 million to 100 million died. Richard Shope in 1932 discovered that a virus caused human influenza while studying pigs. Wilson Smith expanded the research and was able to isolate human influenza A virus to develop the first type of vaccine in 1933. The second type vaccine effective on influenza B was produced in 1942 and inoculated soldiers during World War II. The third type came out in 1978 and fourth in 2012. During the novel influenza spread in 2009, Korea carried out a vaccine program with home-grown shots.
중략
※ 한국어 기사는 [ 중앙시평: 백신 개발 역사에서 읽어야 할 메시지 (중앙일보 2021.06.21) ]
URL: https://news.joins.com/article/olink/23681396 참조 바랍니다.
